Artificial intelligence is rapidly redefining healthcare delivery in India, offering new possibilities for early diagnosis, preventive care, and efficient patient management. From AI-powered cancer screening tools to systems that assist in detecting infectious diseases, the technology is being increasingly adopted to improve access and accuracy, particularly in underserved and rural regions.
Government-led initiatives have played a key role in this shift. Institutions such as AIIMS Delhi, PGIMER Chandigarh, and AIIMS Rishikesh have been designated Centres of Excellence for AI, while tools like AI-enabled TB screening, digital disease surveillance platforms, and clinical decision-support systems are being integrated into public health services.
Experts, however, caution that AI is not a substitute for doctors. Instead, it should function as a support system, especially for frontline health workers who operate at the community level. Strengthening screening through AI must be matched with robust referral and treatment mechanisms to manage the increased patient load entering the healthcare system.
AI’s role also extends beyond diagnosis to prediction and prevention. By analysing large datasets, AI can help identify early risk factors for conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and maternal health complications, enabling timely intervention before illnesses progress.
Despite its promise, challenges remain. India’s healthcare system continues to struggle with uneven digitisation, fragmented data across public and private sectors, and a persistent rural–urban divide. Experts warn that without inclusive digital infrastructure, AI could deepen existing inequalities rather than close them.
Concerns have also been raised about the misuse of AI tools for self-diagnosis, which could worsen public health issues such as antimicrobial resistance. Weak regulatory frameworks and limited public awareness further heighten the risks, particularly for vulnerable populations.
Looking ahead, policymakers stress the need for responsible deployment. With initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission and the upcoming National AI Strategy for Health, India aims to build a patient-centric, data-driven healthcare ecosystem where AI enhances care delivery while maintaining ethical and regulatory safeguards.
